Diarrhea
Clinical triage, fluid rehydration, and diagnostic management of Diarrhea under IDSA 2021 standards.
Editorial review complete
Independent clinical validation is pending.
Quick Reference Facts
In simple words
Diarrhea: An increase in stool frequency (3 or more loose/liquid bowel movements per 24 hours) or stool weight (>200 g/day), categorized into secretory, osmotic, inflammatory (exudative), and hypermotility etiologies.
Reflects mucosal inflammation, viral/bacterial enterotoxin excretion, malabsorption, or intestinal hypermotility requiring hydration and stool diagnostic testing.
Common Causes
- Acute Viral Gastroenteritis (Norovirus, Rotavirus)
- Bacterial Enteritis (Campylobacter, Salmonella, Shigella, E. coli)
- Clostridioides difficile Colitis (Post-Antibiotic)
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease (Ulcerative Colitis, Crohn's) or IBS-D
Clinical Red Flags
Seek urgent medical attention at an emergency department or primary care clinic if you present with any of the following symptoms:
- Grossly bloody stools (dysentery) with high fever and tenesmus
- Signs of severe hypovolemic shock (hypotension, anuria, lethargy)
- Toxic megacolon symptoms (severe abdominal distension, fever, tachycardia in colitis)
Lifestyle & Diet Support
Prioritize oral rehydration salts (ORS), avoid dairy and high-sugar solutions; seek immediate medical evaluation for bloody diarrhea, high fever, or severe dehydration.
Frequently Asked Questions
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Differential Diagnosis Matrix
Differentiate acute self-limited viral diarrhea from invasive bacterial dysentery, C. difficile colitis, malabsorption, and inflammatory bowel disease.
Reference Citations & Evidence Sources
Clinical Guidelines & Consensus Statements
Clinical Reviews & Textbooks
- CIT-0023National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. "Homeopathy: What You Need To Know." National Institutes of Health (2021).
No clinical connections registered for this topic.
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