Vomiting (Emesis)
Clinical triage, fluid-electrolyte management, and supportive care for Vomiting under IDSA 2021 guidelines.
Editorial review complete
Independent clinical validation is pending.
Quick Reference Facts
In simple words
Vomiting (Emesis): The forceful oral expulsion of gastric contents driven by retrograde gastrointestinal peristalsis and coordinated contraction of abdominal and diaphragmatic musculature controlled by the medullary vomiting center.
Reflects acute gastroenteritis, bowel obstruction, intracranial hypertension, metabolic ketoacidosis, or toxic ingestion requiring fluid status monitoring.
Common Causes
- Acute Viral/Bacterial Gastroenteritis or Food Poisoning
- Small Bowel Obstruction or Acute Appendicitis/Cholecystitis
- Increased Intracranial Pressure (Brain Tumor, Subdural Hematoma)
- Diabetic Ketoacidosis, Uremia, or Pregnancy (Morning Sickness)
Clinical Red Flags
Seek urgent medical attention at an emergency department or primary care clinic if you present with any of the following symptoms:
- Hematemesis (coffee-ground or bright red emesis) indicating upper GI bleeding
- Feculent vomitus or severe abdominal distension with obstipation (Bowel Obstruction)
- Projectile vomiting without nausea accompanied by severe morning headache (Increased ICP)
Lifestyle & Diet Support
Administer oral rehydration solution (ORS) in small frequent sips; seek immediate emergency care for hematemesis, severe dehydration, or projectile vomitus with confusion.
Frequently Asked Questions
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Differential Diagnosis Matrix
Differentiate acute gastroenteritis from mechanical intestinal obstruction, acute pancreatitis, intracranial lesions, and drug-induced emesis.
Reference Citations & Evidence Sources
Clinical Guidelines & Consensus Statements
Clinical Reviews & Textbooks
- CIT-0023National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. "Homeopathy: What You Need To Know." National Institutes of Health (2021).
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